In
previous posts we’ve discussed
considerations for college planning. In this post we are going to discuss
saving for college and, specifically, two of the more common accounts for
college savings: Uniform Transfer to Minor Account (UTMA) and Section 529
Plans.
The
Uniform Transfer to Minor Account (UTMA) was an early popular choice for many
families to save for college education as it offered a few advantages over
traditional savings accounts. First, the transfer of assets was treated as a
completed gift which removed the assets from the donor’s gross estate. As a
gift, it was subject to the current annual gift exclusion ($14,000 in 2014).
Second, any unearned income received favorable tax treatment, albeit lessened
with the advent of the “kiddie tax.” Unearned income is generally investment
income including interest, dividends and capital gains. Under the current tax
code, the first $1,000 of unearned income is exempt using the standard
deduction for dependents; and the next $1,000 of unearned income is taxed at
the child’s income tax rate. However, any unearned income in excess of $2,000
is taxed at the parent’s marginal tax rate. One drawback to
the UTMA is it is considered an irrevocable gift. When the recipient reached
the age of maturity – 21 in Pennsylvania and most other states – the
custodianship ends, meaning the recipient now has full control and can dispense
with the assets however they choose.